ABSTRACT
Background: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, a rare but well-known disorder, has been remarkably resistant to all types of therapy designed to promote healing. Successful treatment consists of the union of the pseudarthrosis and maintenance of that union without malunion, re-fracture, or excessive shortening (<2cm) of the leg. The principle of treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) with the Ilizarov method corrects all angular deformities and maximizes the cross-sectional area of the pseudarthrosis. Nineteen patients with a total of 19 CPT were treated using the Ilizarov apparatus. CPT is the most perplexing challenging pediatric orthopaedic problem especially when the patient of below years of age and has a history of the previous operations and tibia narrow and osteoporotic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of CPT by the Ilizarov method. Material & Methods:The prospective study was done from July 2008 to June 2010 at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Dhaka. Various forces were used to treat the pseudarthrosis site including compression, distraction, open reduction, resection and shortening, resection and bone transport, and a temporary intramedullary k-wire given through calcaneum and talus into the tibial medullary cavity.Results:Lengthening was performed in all except one of the 19 patients. One patient had developed nonunion in both the pseudarthrosis site and proximal corticotomy site. The deformity was tried to correct in all cases. The union rate was 94.73% with one treatment. There were three early re-fracture. Eight patients. had a persistent residual deformity of ankle valgus from 5-9 degrees and five patients had residual angular deformity at the pseudarthrosis site from 5-10 degrees.Conclusions:One patient’s angulation degree required revision surgery, Ilizarov. All patients were given Previous sites, residual angular deformity, and natural history were considered predisposing factors for re-fracture. Two re-fractures united with months (range 10 months). This technique produced initial pseudarthrosis with the correction associated with deformity inequality. angulation and valgus.
ABSTRACT
Background: Corona-virus pandemic has become a major health problem worldwide. It evokes mental health disorders affecting the population globally, especially pregnant women and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.The aim of the study was to assess anxiety and depression in pregnant women during the Covid-19 pandemic.Material & Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Islami Bank Central Hospital Kakrail, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pregnant women visiting the gynae&obs outpatient department, and women who had recently delivered in the gynae ward (in the past 15 days) were included in the study and asked to fill out a questionnaire.Results:A total of 152 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. Out of the total, 108 (71.05%) of the patients were less than 30 years, 38 (25.00%) were between 31 and 35 years old, and only 6 (3.95%) were older than 35 years. We found that 103(67.76%) of pregnant women had developed mental health disorders during this pandemic and there is a need to reform policies for the care and counseling of pregnant women as they are particularly susceptible.Conclusions:This study examined the mental health of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the women thought COVID-19 could affect their pregnancy. Proper screening and diagnosis would bring early treatment to the needy thus preventing complications to both the mother and the newborn.
ABSTRACT
Genetic variation is a key component for improving a stock through selective breeding programs. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic variation in three wild population of the catla carp (Catla catla Hamilton 1822) in the Halda, Jamuna and Padma rivers and one hatchery population in Bangladesh. Five decamer random primers were used to amplify RAPD markers from 30 fish from each population. Thirty of the 55 scorable bands were polymorphic, indicating some degree of genetic variation in all the populations. The proportion of polymorphic loci and gene diversity values reflected a relatively higher level of genetic variation in the Halda population. Sixteen of the 30 polymorphic loci showed a significant (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) departure from homogeneity and the F ST values in the different populations indicated some degree of genetic differentiation in the population pairs. Estimated genetic distances between populations were directly correlated with geographical distances. The unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram showed two clusters, the Halda population forming one cluster and the other populations the second cluster. Genetic variation of C. catla is a useful trait for developing a good management strategy for maintaining genetic quality of the species.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carps/genetics , Genetic Variation , Genetic Markers , Polymorphism, Genetic , Fishes/genetics , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueABSTRACT
Characterization of different strains of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using molecular markers is essential for the management of this fish in respect to the evaluation of the potential genetic effects induced by hatchery operations and the genetic improvement of carp varieties. Five microsatellite loci (MFW1, MFW2, MFW11, MFW15 and MFW20) were analyzed for the molecular characterization of four common carp strains, i.e. scaled carp, mirror carp, red carp and koi carp. We observed differences in heterozygosities and the average numbers of alleles but not in polymorphic loci (P95) among the strains. Koi carp displayed the highest level of variability in terms of heterozygosity. The Nm values and the F ST values indicated a low level of gene flow and high level of differentiation among the strains. The highest genetic distance was observed between the scaled carp and the koi carp whilst the lowest genetic distance was found between the red- and koi carp. The unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram resulted in two clusters, one containing only the scaled carp and the other the remaining three varieties. Microsatellite markers have been found to be effective tools for characterization of different strains of common carp.